FUEL DEPOSIT RESEARCH

Investigations on deposits in engines for gasoline and diesel fuel were conducted more than 40 years ago.  Many investigations have been conducted in order to understand the deposit effects on engines and how these deposits develop in engines. Generally, there are three main investigations on deposits which are now still continuing due to various types of engines that are available and also due to new developments in engine technology.  The investigations cover (1) the effects of deposits on engines; (2) the factors that cause the deposit formation; and, (3) the investigation of deposit properties.  The effects of deposits on engines are including emissions, heat loss, engine performance and engine damage.  However, the factors effecting deposit formation, such as fuel and oil, engine operating conditions, wall temperatures, and air/fuel ratios, are still being investigated for various types of engines.  Deposit properties were also investigated in order to learn more about thermal properties and its structures. 

Most deposit research available in the literature was conducted by using real engine tests.  Real engine test can be categorized into two types.  Those using engine bench tests and those using vehicle tests.  Both tests require long periods and traveling long distances, respectively.  Some deposit investigations for engine bench tests required up to approximately 200 hours of engine operation.  Others had conducted an investigations on deposit control by using a new lower-emission engine test with 360 hours of engine operation.  In terms of deposit investigation through vehicle tests, long distance travel is required to obtain a significant amount of deposit and effects for certain investigation.  Due to long periods and long travel distance, both types of test involved high operating costs and were exposed to engine damage during the deposition test. 

The utilization of bio-diesel fuel further increases the tendencies of deposit formation in the engine due to its higher viscosity and distillation temperature compared to diesel fuel.  Due to the difficulties of applying real engine deposition test, simplified method tests are required for fuel droplet and fuel spray deposition studies. These methods are capable in differentiating the deposit formation for various types of fuels.  Deposition tendencies investigation was conducted for diesel fuel, pure bio-diesel fuels and bio-blended diesel fuels.

FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH GRANT SCHEME (FRGS): Project Leader

(3) “Diesel and Bio-Diesel fuel Deposits Investigation by using Simplified Method Test” (FRGS/1/10/TK/UTeM/02/2)

(2) “The Effect of Diesel and Bio-Diesel Fuel Deposit Layer on Heat Transfer in a Combustion Chamber” (FRGS/2011/FKM/TK02/01 F00119)

           

SHORT TERM GRANT (PJP): Project Leader

(1) “A Study Of Diesel And Bio-diesel Fuels Deposit Formation Due to Fuel Spray Impingement”(PJP/2010/FKM(25B)S739)

(5) Mohamed Arifin, Y., Tsuruta, Y., Furuhata, T., Saito, M., Arai, M., “Substitute Procedure for Engine Deposition Test to Investigate Diesel and Bio-diesel Fuel Deposits”, Journal of the Energy Institute 2010, Vol. 83, No 3, 160-170.

(4) Mohamed Arifin, Y., Arai, M., “The effect of hot surface temperature on diesel fueldeposit formation”, Fuel 89 (2010) 934-942.

(3) Mohamed Arifin, Y., Arai, M., “Deposition characteristics of diesel and bio-diesel  fuels”, Fuel 88 (2009) 2163-2170.

(2) Mohamed Arifin, Y., Furuhata, T., Saito, M., Arai, M., “Diesel and Bio-Blended Diesel Fuel Deposits on a Hot Surface”, JSAE Transaction, Vol. 39, No.3, May 2008, pp.207-213.

(1) Mohamed Arifin, Y., Furuhata, T., Saito, M., Arai, M., “Diesel and Bio-Diesel Fuel Deposits on a Hot Surface”, Fuel 87 (2008) 1601-1609.

(3) Mohamed Arifin, Y., Tsuruta, Arai, M., “Availability of Hot Surface Deposition Test for Bio-diesel Fuel deposits in Engine”, Asia-Korea Conference on advanced Science and Technology 2008 (AKC 2008), Proceedings No.EVE-2a, October 24-25, 2008, Tokyo, Japan.

(2) Mohamed Arifin, Y., Tsuruta, Y., Furuhata, T., Saito, M., Arai, M., “Influence Factors of Deposits Formation on a Hot surface for Diesel and Bio-Blended Diesel Fuel”, The Seventh International Conference on Modelling and Diagnostic for Advanced Engine System (COMODIA 2008), Proceedings No.FL2-3, July 28-31, 2008, Sapporo, Japan.

(1) Mohamed Arifin, Y., Furuhata, T., Saito, M., Arai, M., “Diesel and Bio-Blended Diesel Fuel Deposits on a Hot Surface”, JSAE Annual Congress (Fall), Proceedings No.147-07, October 17-19, 2007, Kyoto, Japan.

(16) Muhammad Zhafri Mokhtar. The Effect of Diesel and Bio-Diesel Fuel Deposit Layer on Heat Transfer in a Combustion Chamber . Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2015

(15) Aliff Bin Che Aziz. Observation of Continuous BDF Droplet Impingement on a Hot Surface. Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2014

(14) Mohd Nor Hisan Bin Zakarai. Diesel and Bio-Diesel Fuels Deposit Formation in Wet and Dry Conditions at Surface Temperature above MEP. Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2014

(13) Muhamad Zaki Bin Jusoh. Determination of droplet lifetime and detail droplet-surface interaction behavior for Bio-Diesel Fuel at different surface temperature. Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2014

(12) Mohd Ainuddin Bin Ibrahim. A Study on  deposition and emission of Bio-Diesel Fuel in an Actual Engine. Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2014

(11) Abdul Basit Bin Kamaludin. Pembentukan Mendapan Bahan Bakar Diesel dan Bio-Diesel Pada Suhu Permukaan Melebihi Suhu Kadar Pengewapan Maksimum (MEP). Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2013

(10) Ahmad Fazwan bin Muhammad. A Development of Fuel Deposit Layer Apparatus. Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2013

(9) Bismi Nurhazwany Binti Mohd Mahthir. The Effect of Blend Ratio, Surface Temperature and Tip-to-Surface Distance on Evaporation Characteristic of Bio-Diesel Fuel. Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2012

(8) Noor Hasriq Bin Mohamad. Konsistensi Penjana Titisan dalam Menghasilkan Saiz dan Selang Masa Titisan. Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2012

(7) Kelvin Theng Sern Lung. A Study on 5% and 10% Bio-Blended Diesel Fuel Spray Deposition. Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2012

(6) Teoh Khau Wei. Bio-Diesel Fuel Spray Characteristics. Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2012

(5) Mohd Izran Bin Ab Rashid. A Study on Performance of Diesel and Bio-Diesel Fuels Spray Apparatus. Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2011.

(4) Khairul Husni Bin Dahari. Diesel and Bio-Diesel Fuels Deposit Formation due to Fuel Spray Impingement. Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2011. (Allahyarham: Semoga Allah Merahmatinya)

(3) Mohd Sharizal Bin Md Ropi'ee. Diesel and Bio-Diesel Fuels Deposit Formation Due to Fuel Droplet Impingement. Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2011.

(2) Khairul Nur Azfar Bin Baharudin. Evaporation Characteristic of Fuel Droplet for Different Type of Diesel and Bio-Diesel Fuel. Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2010.

(1) Mohd Fadhil Khalid. The Development of a droplet Generator. Projek Sarjana Muda UTeM 2010.